Salt is a vital component for human health and nutrition. These white crystals, which add flavor to our meals and play a significant role in food preservation, are essentially composed of sodium chloride (NaCl). However, the effects of salt on health are directly related to the amount consumed. Balanced salt intake contributes to maintaining the body's fluid balance and supporting nerve and muscle functions, while excessive salt consumption can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney problems, and stroke.
The necessity of salt for the body is clear. Sodium and chloride ions in our bodies play a critical role in maintaining electrolyte balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction. However, excessive consumption of salt, especially in the form of hidden salt in processed foods, can have negative effects on health. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting the daily salt intake for adults to 5 grams (about one teaspoon).
The use of iodized salt is particularly important in preventing iodine deficiency diseases. Iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones, which affect metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency can lead to serious health problems such as intellectual disability, thyroid issues like goiter, and low birth weight during pregnancy. In countries like Turkey, where there is a risk of iodine deficiency, iodization of salt is an effective method to address this deficiency.
To understand the effects of salt on health, it is also necessary to know the differences between types of salt. While iodized refined table salt is suitable for general use, natural salts like rock salt and Himalayan salt may contain additional minerals. However, excessive consumption of these types of salt can also lead to health issues. Particularly, individuals with hypertension and chronic illnesses should be cautious about their salt intake.
To maintain a healthy life, balancing salt intake, carefully reading food labels, avoiding processed foods, and preferring fresh foods are important. Being conscious about salt consumption can open the doors to a long and quality life.
